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OSHA’s Top 10 Most Cited Health and Safety Violations of 2024 a Deeper Look!

A construction worker is working on a roof at a construction site.

Each year, as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) releases its list of the top 10 workplace safety violations, a pattern emerges that begs a question: Are these frequent violations a sign that employers continue to struggle with the same safety issues, or does it reflect a disposition among OSHA inspectors to focus on areas where they are trained to focus?


The Persistent Issue of Repeated Findings


The repetition of certain violations year after year might seem surprising, but it underscores a significant challenge in workplace safety management. The top violations tend to be those that are most visible and easiest to spot during inspections, such as fall protection and hazard communication. This consistency suggests that while awareness is high, practical implementation and adherence to safety practices lag behind.


Top 10 Most Cited Health and Safety Standards of 2024


1. . Fall Protection, General Requirements: 6,307 violations

For the 14th consecutive year, fall protection tops the list of OSHA's enforcement priorities. This emphasis is not arbitrary; OSHA has designated fall protection as a national emphasis area, making it a primary focus during inspections. It's often one of the easiest violations to spot without extensive investigation skills. The OSHA standard 1926.501 mandates that employers must provide fall protection systems like guardrails, safety nets, or personal fall arrest systems for workers at risk of falls of six feet or more in construction and four feet in general industry.


Often, the major factor in these violations is human behavior. Many offenders might think, "No one is watching, and this will only take a moment, so it's no big deal." However, this mindset can lead to non-compliance with critical safety measures, putting worker safety at significant risk.

A man is standing on top of a building under construction

Figure 1 I saw this last week while exiting a fast food establishment.


2. Hazard Communication: 2,888 violations

This has been on the top 10 list I believe since its conception. Why? Once again it is so easy to find these violations and even a rookie inspector can win big with these finds. At the heart of Hazard Communication is OSHA standard 1910.1200. This important regulation ensures that employees are fully informed about the hazards associated with the chemicals they work with. Common slip-ups in this area include not having a comprehensive written hazard communication program, insufficient training on hazardous chemicals, and missing or outdated Safety Data Sheets (SDSs). Each of these components is crucial for maintaining a safe working environment, and their importance cannot be overstated. Let's dive deeper into why staying vigilant about Hazard Communication is key to a safer workplace!


3. Ladders: 2,573 violations

Ladders accounted for 2,573 safety violations last year. While I've encountered some exceptional ladder safety programs—where each ladder is numbered, inspected, tagged, and stored securely in a designated area—unfortunately, these are the exception rather than the rule. More often, I see neglected safety programs where ladders go uninspected and continue to be used well past their safe operational life. According to OSHA regulation 1926.1053, it's crucial for employers to ensure that ladders are not only used properly but are also securely fastened and maintained regularly. A common issue found in violations of this standard, specifically 1926.1053(b)(1), is failing to extend portable ladders at least 3 feet above the landing surface. When extending the ladder isn't feasible, securing it with a grasping device is a must to ensure safety.


4. Respiratory Protection: 2,470 violations

OSHA's standard 1910.134 mandates that employers provide respirators to employees when needed to protect them from harmful airborne contaminants. Common violations of this standard include failing to offer necessary medical evaluations, not implementing a comprehensive respiratory protection program, and neglecting to ensure the use of properly fitting facepieces.


Pro Tip: Always take a moment to read the safety pamphlet insert that comes with your respirator. Most of the safety pamphlets start by reminding you that, before using a respirator in a contaminated area, you must perform either a qualitative or quantitative fit test as specified by OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134 or CSA Standard Z94.4—essential safety information indeed! Digging deeper into the pamphlet, you’ll find that the manufacturer sets exposure limits based on the type of fit test conducted.


A piece of paper with a do not use for message on it.

For instance, with a qualitative fit test, you're approved for exposure up to 10 times the permissible exposure limit (PEL). However, a quantitative fit test raises this approval to 50 times the PEL. This detail is a gem for inspectors and highlights a critical point from Safety Psychology: very few people take the time to read this pamphlet, potentially missing out on crucial safety guidelines. OSHA will check this every time.


5. Lockout/Tagout: 2,443 violations

OSHA standard 1910.147 mandates that employers establish procedures to safeguard workers from accidental machine start-ups or energy releases during maintenance. Violations frequently cited include shortcomings in energy control procedures, inadequate training and communication, and insufficient periodic inspections.


While compliance challenges persist, it’s encouraging to see a significant uptick in safety practices, particularly in the area of lockout/tagout processes. Many companies are now prioritizing the refinement of their safety protocols, enhancing training programs to ensure that all employees understand how to effectively control hazardous energy, and committing to regular audits of their procedures. This proactive approach not only helps in meeting OSHA requirements but also significantly boosts overall workplace safety, demonstrating a growing industry commitment to protecting workers from potential injuries or worse. Let’s keep this positive momentum going and continue to seek out opportunities for improvement in our safety practices.


6. Powered Industrial Trucks: 2,248 violations 

OSHA standard 1910.178 strictly mandates the safe operation of forklifts and other industrial trucks. Frequent violations of this standard include unsafe vehicle operations and the failure to provide refresher training or evaluations.


A concerning aspect often overlooked in many workplaces is the occurrence of 'near misses,' which are seldom reported. Near misses, where an incident could have resulted in an injury or property damage but narrowly avoided, are critical indicators of potential hazards. Their underreporting can mask underlying safety issues, allowing risks to go unaddressed until a serious accident occurs. This lack of reporting and attention not only increases the hazard potential but also misses vital opportunities for corrective action. By encouraging a culture that actively reports and analyzes near misses, organizations can significantly enhance their safety protocols, preemptively addressing risks and reinforcing a commitment to worker safety.


7. Fall Protection, Training Requirements: 2,050 violations 

Fall Protection, under OSHA standard 1926.503, requires employers to provide training for employees exposed to fall hazards. In 2024, the most common violations were due to the failure of employers to implement a fall protection training program. It's critical to note that fall protection has been the number one issue cited by OSHA for 14 consecutive years.


With today's resources like Learning Management Systems (LMS), training matrices, and varied training platforms—ranging from traditional on-site instructor-led and online instructor-led, to self-paced online courses—there's no excuse for not having properly trained employees. Failing to provide adequate fall protection training is not just a regulatory misstep; it's a significant legal liability. Inadequate training can lead not only to hefty OSHA fines but also to severe civil penalties following an incident.


For example, in recent years, there have been numerous cases where companies faced substantial financial losses due to civil lawsuits following fall-related incidents. Companies have been penalized millions of dollars in damages for failing to ensure the safety of their employees, highlighting the crucial need for compliance and proper training to mitigate these risks effectively. These cases serve as stark reminders of the potential consequences of neglecting safety training, underscoring the importance of a proactive approach to workplace safety.


8. Scaffolding: 1,873 violations

OSHA standard 1926.451 thoroughly outlines the requirements for scaffold design, construction, and use, ensuring worker safety. Common violations include the absence of fall protection for workers on heights over 10 feet (what – Fall Protection again ☹), inadequate foundation support, incomplete planking or decking, and the lack of proper access methods.


These issues are not just critical safety hazards but also represent "low-hanging fruit" for OSHA inspectors or any safety auditors due to their high visibility on worksites. The presence of such violations can be easily spotted, making it more likely for companies to face inspections and penalties.


To enhance safety and compliance, employers need to provide strong fall protection (what another fall protection bit) to be sure scaffolds are built on solid foundations, complete all decking, and furnish proper, safe access methods such as ladders, stair towers, or ramps securely attached to the scaffolds. Addressing these visible issues not only helps in meeting OSHA's stringent requirements but also plays a crucial role in preventing serious injuries and fatalities on construction sites.


9. Personal Protective and Lifesaving Equipment – Eye and Face Protection: 1,814 violations

Under OSHA standard 1926.102, it's essential for employers to equip their workers with the right personal protective equipment (PPE) for hazards like chemical splashes or flying particles. While many employers are great at providing PPE, sometimes there's a gap in ensuring it's the best fit for the specific risks involved. This often happens when choices are based more on what's easily available or what safety supply vendors recommend rather than what's most suitable for the job.


Another common issue is how PPE is worn. It's not unusual to see safety glasses, but instead of protecting eyes, they’re resting on someone's head. This points to a need for better training and supervision. Employers should focus not just on supplying the correct PPE, but also on making sure everyone understands how and why to wear it properly. Regular training sessions can really help drive home the importance of using PPE correctly, ensuring workers are both safe and compliant with safety standards. This proactive approach is a simple yet effective way to minimize risks and keep everyone protected on the job.


10. Machine Guarding: 1,541 violations

OSHA standard 1910.212 mandates that employers must install proper machine guards to prevent worker contact with moving parts. Common violations include using inappropriate types of guards and inadequate guarding at points of operation. Interestingly, there has been an uptick in safety compliance in this area compared to previous years, which is encouraging to see. However, this improvement raises a critical question: Are there genuinely fewer violations, or is OSHA not scrutinizing as closely as before? It's essential for employers to not only comply with safety regulations but also to consistently maintain and reassess their safety measures to ensure ongoing protection for all workers.


Takeaways


While it can be disheartening to see these violations, there's a silver lining. For all of the top 10 most cited health and safety standards, the total number of violations has decreased from last year’s report. This decline leads us to wonder: Is the drop in violations because we're doing a better job with compliance, or is it because OSHA conducted fewer inspections due to budget constraints and rising costs? Personally, I'm optimistic. I like to think that we are indeed doing a better job in ensuring workplace safety 😊.


For companies looking to improve their safety programs, this report offers a valuable roadmap. By examining the most common violations, organizations can pinpoint weaknesses in their current practices, proactively address risks, and help prevent both OSHA citations and on-the-job injuries. Regular audits, targeted employee training, and a focus on strict compliance with OSHA standards all play key roles in strengthening workplace safety. Additionally, using health and safety software can make a real difference by providing live data, tracking compliance automatically, and making sure corrective actions don’t fall through the cracks.


How SEA Can Help


Safety & Environmental Associates, Inc. (SEA) is dedicated to helping you identify and close gaps in your safety processes. Here’s how we can support you:


Safety Audits & Gap Analysis

We thoroughly evaluate your existing programs, identifying potential hazards and compliance shortfalls before they become costly issues.


Customized Training Programs

From on-site instructor-led training to online and self-paced courses, we tailor our programs to fit your specific workforce and operational needs.


OSHA Compliance & Consultation

Rely on us for up-to-date guidance on OSHA standards and assistance with everything from written safety plans to incident investigations.


Technology Solutions

We can recommend and help implement health and safety software to streamline record-keeping, automate compliance tracking, and provide real-time analytics.


Taking a proactive approach to workplace safety not only protects your team but also reduces legal liabilities and costly fines. Let SEA partner with you to bolster your safety culture and stay ahead of regulatory requirements. Contact us Today!


By Derek Jennings, President SEA

Navigating OSHA's New Arc Flash Guidance - What Employers Need to Know

By Derek Jennings • February 7, 2025
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), in collaboration with the Partnership for Electrical Safety and KEMA Laboratories, has recently unveiled new guidance aimed at addressing arc flash hazards in the workplace. This guidance is a crucial update that highlights the need for comprehensive electrical safety programs that specifically include measures to protect against arc flash hazards. Here’s what employers need to understand about the new directives and how they can effectively respond. Understanding Arc Flash and OSHA's Recommendations An arc flash is a type of electrical explosion that results from a low-impedance connection to the ground or another voltage phase in an electrical system. The new guidance provided by OSHA not only offers a clear definition of what constitutes an arc flash but also elaborates on methods to mitigate such hazards during electrical work. The guidance includes detailed documents for employers and useful handouts for employees, emphasizing the common myths and the reality of arc flash dangers. The Role of NFPA 70E OSHA’s guidance strongly correlates with the standards outlined in NFPA 70E, the National Fire Protection Association’s standard for electrical safety in the workplace. Employers who are already compliant with NFPA 70E likely have a written Electrical Safety Program (ESP) that includes protocols for arc flash hazards. This new guidance serves to reinforce the importance of these existing standards while also urging those without comprehensive plans to take immediate action. What if You Don’t Have a Comprehensive ESP? For employers who have yet to develop an ESP that addresses arc flash hazards, OSHA’s guidance is a wake-up call. It is crucial to recognize that general workplace safety standards, although not specifying arc flash, require protection against electrical hazards under regulations like 1910.333. The absence of specific OSHA standards for arc flash does not excuse employers from the responsibility of protecting their employees from such risks. Implementing Effective Arc Flash Protection Measures Incident Energy Analysis: A foundational step in arc flash protection is conducting an incident energy analysis. This process involves studying the facility’s electrical systems to calculate the potential energy released in the event of an arc flash. Understanding this energy potential is essential for determining the arc flash boundary—the distance within which a person could receive second-degree burns or worse if exposed to an arc flash. Developing a Risk Assessment Procedure: Employ ers need to establish a procedure for assessing the risks associated with arc flash. This includes evaluating the tasks being performed, the condition of the electrical equipment, the maintenance history of the equipment, the energy involved, and the potentia l for human error. Deciding on Protective Measures: Once risks are assessed, decisions must be made regarding the best ways to protect employees. This often involves the use of Arc-Rated Pe rsonal Protective Equipment (PPE) and could also include engineering controls such as redesigning parts of the electrical system to minimize arc flash risks. Proactive Versus Reactive: The Choice is Yours The latest guidance from OSHA should be viewed as an unofficial yet critical call to action for employers to either update their existing safety measures or develop new protocols in line with NFPA 70E. Being proactive about electrical safety not only helps in compliance with OSHA’s standards but fundamentally enhances the safety and well-being of employees. Final Thoughts The introduction of OSHA’s arc flash guidance is a significant step toward heightened awareness and improved safety practices surrounding electrical hazards in the workplace. Employers are encouraged to review their current safety protocols, educate their workforce about the dangers of arc flash, and implement comprehensive measures to prevent such incidents. Always keep in mind that workplace safety begins with staying informed and well-prepared. Make it a habit to test before you touch it and prioritize safety like your life depended on it! For more insights into workplace safety and compliance, keep following our blog. Your safety is our priority, and together, we can foster a safer working environment for all. By Derek Jennings  President SEA

Navigating the Smoke: The Impact of Wildfires on Air Quality and Health Risks

By Derek Jennings • January 16, 2025
As wildfires continue to blaze across regions like Los Angeles, CA, they leave behind more than just scorched earth. The air quality in affected and surrounding areas deteriorates significantly, posing severe health risks to residents. Understanding the transformation of plant materials into char and ash during these fires, and the subsequent impact on our environment and health, is crucial for community safety and preparedness. The Science Behind the Smoke: Pyrolysis and Wildfires When wildfires burn through vegetation, the intense heat triggers a chemical process known as pyrolysis. This is where organic materials (like plants) break down under high temperatures in the absence of oxygen, transforming into various gases and liquids, and a solid residue rich in carbon, known as char. As the fire consumes more material, the process continues, leaving behind a substantial amount of ash, which consists mainly of inorganic substances. Both char and ash are significant byproducts of wildfires and contribute to the complex makeup of wildfire smoke. The Dangers of Char and Ash Air Quality Degradation: The small particles of char and ash produced during wildfires can become airborne and are small enough to be inhaled deeply into the lungs. They can travel vast distances, affecting air quality over broad areas. This particulate matter (PM) can penetrate indoor environments, making virtually no place safe from its reach. Health Implications: The health risks associated with poor air quality during and after a wildfire are significant. Inhalation of fine particulate matter from char and ash can lead to respiratory issues such as asthma attacks, bronchitis, and other chronic respiratory conditions. It can also exacerbate heart conditions, leading to increased hospital visits, and in severe cases, premature death. Vulnerable populations, including children, the elderly, and those with preexisting health conditions, are particularly at risk. Environmental Impact: Beyond human health, the environmental impact of char and ash is profound. These substances can contaminate water sources and soils, leading to long-term ecological damage and affecting the regrowth and recovery of natural habitats. Combustion Product Analysis: A Critical Need In the aftermath of a wildfire, analyzing the combustion products —char and ash—is essential to assess the environmental and health impact comprehensively. This analysis helps in understanding the specific contaminants released and assists in formulating strategies for cleanup and mitigation to prevent further harm to public health and the environment. Precautions and Recommendations Stay Informed: Keep track of air quality indexes (AQI) in your area through reliable sources to know when the air is unsafe. Limit Exposure: Avoid outdoor activities during high AQI levels. Keep windows and doors closed to minimize indoor air pollution. Use Air Purifiers: High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) purifiers can help reduce indoor air particulate levels. Consult Health Professionals: If you experience any health issues related to air quality, consult medical professionals immediately. As communities near and far from the immediate blaze cope with the fallout of these devastating fires, understanding the complexities of wildfire smoke, specifically the roles of char and ash, becomes paramount. By staying informed and prepared, individuals and communities can better protect themselves from the less visible, but equally dangerous, aspects of wildfires. By Derek Jennings, President SEA

Leveraging OSHA Injury and Illness Data for Improved Safety in 2025

By Derek Jennings • January 15, 2025
Hello everyone, and Happy New Year! I wanted to take a moment to apologize for the quiet spell on our blog over the last few months. The final quarter of the year was exceptionally busy for us at SEA, and although it's been a whirlwind of activity, it meant that I couldn't dedicate as much time to our blog as I would have liked. I've received your emails and messages letting me know I was missed, and I can't tell you how much that means to me! Thank you for sticking around and for your thoughtful notes. I'm excited to say that we're back on track now, and I promise to keep bringing you more informative and engaging content. Here is the first of many so Stay tuned! Since it is Injury and Illness Reporting time let's take a look at 2023. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has recently released comprehensive data for workplace injuries and illnesses recorded in 2023, providing key insights that can help businesses enhance their safety protocols and reduce the risk of incidents. This annual release plays a crucial role in helping organizations assess the effectiveness of their safety measures and implement necessary improvements. Key Findings from OSHA’s 2023 Data OSHA’s report details various statistics related to workplace injuries and illnesses, highlighting trends and areas that need attention. The data reveals that while some industries have seen improvements in safety measures, others continue to face challenges in reducing the number of incidents. The agency uses this data to inform policy decisions, guide inspections, and provide targeted assistance to industries with higher rates of incidents. Trends and Statistics The report categorizes data according to different industries, types of injuries, and causes. This segmentation helps organizations identify specific risk factors prevalent in their operations and benchmark their safety performance against industry standards. The Importance of Accurate Injury and Illness Reporting Accurate reporting of workplace injuries and illnesses is not just a regulatory requirement—it is a critical component of an effective safety and health management system. Proper documentation helps identify hazard patterns and can be a basis for introducing preventive measures. It also ensures that workers receive appropriate medical care and compensation for work-related injuries or illnesses. How Businesses Can Improve Reporting Practices Training : Ensure that staff responsible for reporting are welltrained on OSHA’s requirements. Regular training sessions can help keep everyone updated on the latest regulations and reporting procedures. Clear Procedures: Establish clear and straightforward procedures for reporting injuries and illnesses. This includes defining who is responsible for reporting and the steps they need to follow when an incident occurs. Encourage Reporting: Create a workplace culture that encourages prompt and accurate reporting of injuries and illnesses. Workers should feel safe and supported in reporting, without fear of retaliation. SEA’s Role in Enhancing Workplace Safety At Safety & Environmental Associates, Inc. (SEA), we understand the challenges businesses face in maintaining a safe workplace and complying with regulatory requirements. We offer a range of services designed to improve injury and illness reporting practices and overall safety management: Safety Audits and Consultations: Our experts can help you assess your current safety protocols and identify areas for improvement. Customized Training Programs: We provide training tailored to the needs of your staff and the specifics of your industry, focusing on both compliance and practical safety management. Ongoing Support: SEA offers continuous support to help businesses implement long-term safety solutions that can adapt to changing regulations and business needs. Conclusion The release of OSHA’s 2023 injury and illness data serves as a reminder of the ongoing need for vigilance and continuous improvement in workplace safety. By understanding and utilizing this data, businesses can better protect their employees and enhance their compliance with safety regulations. For assistance with interpreting OSHA data, improving your reporting processes, or enhancing your overall safety management practices, reach out to Safety & Environmental Associates, Inc. today. Let us help you build a safer and more compliant workplace. By Derek Jennings, President SEA
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